FAKTOR RESIKO STROKE PADA USIA MUDA: TINJAUAN LITERATUR
Risk Factors for Stroke at Young Age: Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33023/jikep.v8i1.798Keywords:
faktor resiko, hemoragik, infark, stroke, usia mudaAbstract
Pendahuluan: Stroke termasuk dalam penyakit peradaban yang paling merusak dengan dampak tinggi pada kesehatan dan kualitas hidup dengan prevalensi lebih dari 15 juta kasus baru setiap tahun di seluruh dunia. Tingginya angka stroke tersebut berpotensi meningkatkan prevalesi di semua kelompok usia, terdapat sejumlah besar orang yang menderita stroke di bawah usia 50 tahun, yang disebut stroke "muda". Salah satu penyebab tertinggi stroke pada usia muda adalah masalah pembuluh darah seperti stenosis, rupture, oklusi, aneurisma dan malformasi arterivena Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi factor resiko yang dapat menyebabkan stroke di usia muda. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan literature review dengan menelusuri hasil publikasi antara tahun 2017 – 2020, dengan database dalam pencarian artikel yaitu Cohrane, Pubmed, Proquest, Science Direct. Hasil tinjauan literatur mengidentifikasi enam studi sesuai kriteria inklusi dan melibatkan pasien di bawah usia 50 tahun dengan stroke. Hasil: ditemukan kejadian stroke usia mudah lebih banyak pada jenis kelamin laki-laki (62%) dengan kisaran usia 18-59 tahun. Factor resiko terjadinya strok antara lain hipertensi, kurang olah raga, dan pola makan banyak lemak, riwayat diabetes melitus, dyslipidemia, hiperkolesterolemia, hiperurisemia, gagal jantung, epilepsi, stenosis arteri karotis/serebral, infark miokard, stroke pada keluarga dan kardiomiopati. Kesimpulan dan rekomendasi: terdapat 3 faktor risiko yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stroke pada usia muda yaitu riwayat hipertensi, dislipidemia dan riwayat diabetes. Oleh karena itu, untuk mencegah stroke pada usia muda diharapkan mengubah gaya hidup dengan mengkonsumsi makanan yang sehat, hindari merokok, alkohol, manajemen stress dan rutinkan berolahraga.
Kata Kunci : Faktor Resiko, Stroke, Usia Muda, Hemoragik, Infark
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