EFEKTIFITAS DIET DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN DIABETES PADA REMAJA PRA DIABETES: TINJAUAN LITERATUR
The Effectiveness of Diet And Physical Activity on The Prevention of Diabetes in Pre-Diabetes Adolescents: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33023/jikep.v8i1.805Keywords:
aktifitas fisik, diabetes, diet, pra diabetes, remajaAbstract
Pendahuluan: Kejadian pra diabetes dikalangan remaja meningkat signifikan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Selain genetik, faktor gaya hidup merupakan yang paling dominan berkontribusi terhadap risiko pra diabetes pada remaja. Jika tidak ditangani, maka akan berkembang menjadi diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas diet dan aktivitas fisik terhadap pencegahan diabetes pada remaja pra diabetes. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis desain literature review. Data diperoleh melalui hasil pencarian pada database elektronik Pubmed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Wiley, dan CochraneLibrary. Enam studi teridentifikasi dengan total sampel 490 responden memenuhi kriteria untuk untuk disertakan (1) remaja pra diabetes usia 10-19 tahun, (2) intervensi diet dan aktivitas fisik, (3) artikel tahun 2011-2021, (4) berbahasa Inggris dan Indonesia, dan (5) memiliki full text. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik mengacu pada kesamaan intervensi serta durasi yang diberikan. Hasil: Program diet dan aktivitas fisik mencegah perkembangan diabetes pada remaja pra diabetes. Hanya satu studi yang melaporkan insiden diabetes pada 1 peserta dari 83 yang mengikuti program diet dan aktivitas fisik. Semua studi melaporkan peningkatan yang signifikan pada kontrol glikemik, lima studi melaporkan peningkatan sensitivitas insulin dan perubahan BMI, empat studi melaporkan penurunan berat badan. Kesimpulan: Tinjauan ini menunjukkan keefektifan program diet dan peningkatan aktivitas fisik terhadap pencegahan diabetes pada remaja pra diabetes, diikuti dengan peningkatan kontrol glikemik dan sensitivitas insulin, perubahan BMI dan penurunan berat badan. Oleh karena itu, program diet dan aktivitas fisik dapat menjadi pilihan terapi non-farmakologis untuk mencegah atau menunda perkembangan diabetes pada remaja pra diabetes.
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