Proses dan Model Keputusan Etik dalam Praktik Keperawatan : Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33023/jikep.v7i3.814Keywords:
Proses dan Model, Pengambilan keputusan etik, praktik keperawatanAbstract
Latar belakang: Dalam praktik keperawatan, sering dihadapkan pada situasi di mana harus memilih antara dua atau lebih alternatif atau memutuskan berdasarkan pertimbangan etika. Perawat sering mengalami kesulitan dalam mengambil keputusan secara etis, apalagi tuntutan dalam praktik keperawatan semakin komplek, dinamis dan berdasarkan budaya sehingga pengambilan keputusan semakin sulit. Pertanyaan penelitian ini adalah ‘apakah proses dan model pengambilan keputusan etika dalam praktik keperawatan?’. Metoda: systematica review secara integrative dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data dari bulan februari sampai april 2021 pada database SCOPUS, Mendeley, PubMed, SienceDirect. Teridentifikasi 126 artikel jurnal. Hasil dan Analisa: Kualitas studi dari masing masing artikel dianalisa kualitasnya. Hasil Analisa JBI didaptkan 30 artikel. Karakteristik studi dari Negara English, Portugal, Filandia, Iran, Amerika, Jepang Belgia, Spanyol, Turki, Swiss, Belanda, Australia, Italia, Kanada, Francis, Jerman, dan China. Karakteristik responden adalah Perawat, Perawat teregister, Perawat onkologi, Perawat manajer, Perawat spesialis geriatric, Perawat intensif, Perawat psikiatrik, Perawat kesehatan masyarakat (PHNs). Rata-rata umur responden antara 31 – 40 tahun. Berdasarkan rangkuman review peneliti mengelompokan kedalam proses dan model keputusan etik Perawat Rumah sakit dan proses dan model keputusan etik Perawat primer. Diskusi dan Kesimpulan: Untuk mengurangi ketegangan secara moral, model keputusan etik yang disarankan adalah Quadruple heliks (QH), kelemahannya perawat memiliki tekanan moral yang cukup besar, Kode etik keperawatan internasional dan nasional merupakan acuan utama dalam pengambilan keputusan etik, kelemahannya, kode etik internasional tidak memungkinkan mewakili berbagai budaya dan masyarakat dari berbagai negara. Proses keputusan interprofessional, menyarankan bahwa menghormati orang lain dimulai dengan menghormati diri sendiri dan berkontribusi pada tim, kelemahannya kurangnya pemahaman peran anggota tim. Pengambilan keputusan etik model sheared decision making (SDM), sebagai model yang disukai untuk melibatkan pasien dalam proses memutuskan, keuntungannya bahwa pasien memiliki tanggung jawab atas nilai, tujuan, dan peran partisipatif. Namun model ini tampaknya diterapkan dalam praktik sehari-hari hanya pada tingkat yang terbatas,
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